Imiyoboro y'icyumani ikintu cyingenzi cyinganda zubaka kandi zikaba zizwiho gusobanuka n'imbaraga zabo. Igishusho nka "c" "c" cyangwa "u," ibi bintu byubatswe bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka amakadiri kugirango ashyigikire ibiti. Gusobanukirwa n'imbaraga z'imiyoboro y'icyuma ni ingenzi kuri injeniyeri, abubatsi, n'abamwubatsi iyo bateguye inzego zisaba kuramba no gutuza.
Imbaraga za aUmuyoboro w'icyumaigenwa nibintu byinshi, harimo imitungo yayo, ibipimo, hamwe nubushyuhe bwihariye bwagenewe guhangana. Icyuma, nk'ibikoresho, bizwi ku mbaraga za kanseri yayo ndende, zituma zihangana n'ingabo zinini zitabishaka. Imbaraga zitanga ibyuma ryubwibiko ni hagati ya 250 na 350 MPA, bitewe nicyiciro cya steel yakoreshejwe. Ibi bivuze ko umuyoboro w'icyuma ushobora gushyigikira imitwaro iremereye mugihe ukomeje kuba inyangamugayo.
Ingano yumuyoboro w'icyuma ifite uruhare runini mu mbaraga zayo. Imiyoboro iza mubunini butandukanye, hamwe nubugari butandukanye, uburebure nugari. Igihe cya inertia nigipimo cyimiterere yikintu cyo kunama kandi nikintu cyingenzi muguhitamo uko umutwaro ufata umuyoboro ushobora guhangana. Iki kinini cya Inertia, umuyoboro ukomeye ni kandi uko karashobora kurwanya uwunamye munsi yumutwaro. Abashakashatsi bakunze kuvuga kumeza asanzwe atanga imitungo yumuyoboro utandukanye, ubakemerera guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye kuri porogaramu yihariye.
Ubushobozi bwumutwaro bwa aUmuyoboro w'icyumabigira ingaruka kubijyanye no kwerekeza kandi ubwoko bwumutwaro bwakorewe. Iyo umuyoboro uhagaze uhagaritse, urashobora gushyigikira neza imizigo yaka, mugihe icyerekezo cya horizontal cyemewe cyiza cyo kurwanya ibihe binyeganyega. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwumutwaro, yaba ihagaze (burigihe) cyangwa imbaraga (guhindura), bizanagira ingaruka kumikorere yumuyoboro. Kurugero, umuyoboro w'icyuma ukoreshwa mu kiraro kigomba kuba cyaremewe kwihanganira imitwaro ifite imbaraga zimodoka, mugihe umuyoboro ukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubaka bishobora gutera imigezi ihamye.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu kubera imbaraga zabo no kunyuranya. Mubwubatsi, bakoreshwa nkibitara, inkingi, hamwe nudutsima kugirango utange inkunga ikenewe muburyo. Mugukora, bakunze gukoreshwa mugukora imashini nibikoresho. Zisudikurwa byoroshye, zikarangwe, cyangwa zizunguruka, zibakora amahitamo yo hejuru kumishinga myinshi.
Nubwo imiyoboro ikomeye, ibyuma nayo ishobora kwibasirwa na ruswa, ishobora guca intege ubunyangamugayo bwabo mugihe runaka. Kurwanya ibi, imiyoboro myinshi yicyuma irafatwa hamwe no gutwikira cyangwa gukorerwa mubyuma gakomeye, byongera imbaraga zabo kugirango bareke ingese kandi bange ubuzima bwabo. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kugenzura ni ngombwa kugirango imiyoboro yicyuma ikomeze gukomera kandi ikora mubuzima bwumurimo.
Muri make,imiyoboro y'icyumani ikintu gikomeye cyukuri kigira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye. Imbaraga zabo zigira ingaruka kumiterere yibintu, ibipimo, no gupakira. Mugusobanukirwa ibi bintu, injeniyeri nukwubaka birashobora gukoresha neza imiyoboro yicyuma kugirango ukore inzego zifite umutekano kandi ziramba. Byaba mubwubatsi, gukora, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa, imbaraga zimiyoboro yicyuma bibatera ikintu cyingenzi kigize ubuhanga bugezweho.
→Kubicuruzwa byose, serivisi hamwe nibisobanuro bigezweho, nyamunekaTwandikire.
Igihe cyagenwe: Feb-08-2025